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Answer :
The definite combining capacity of the atoms of each element is called as valency.
To find the valency of silicon:The atomic number of silicon is 14
Number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in silicon i.e., 14
The distribution of electrons in silicon atom is K – 2, L – 8, M – 4
Hence, from the distribution of silicon it is clearly evident that to fill the M shell 4 electrons are required. Therefore its valency is 8-4 = 4.
To find the valency of oxygen:The atomic number of oxygen is 8
Number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in oxygen i.e., 8
The distribution of electrons in oxygen atom is K – 2, L – 6
Hence, from the distribution of oxygen it is clearly evident that to fill the L shell, 2 more electrons are required. Therefore its valency is 8-6 = 2.